ApplicationofTechniquesandTacticsforLong-SpanWaterTowerFireTrucks（大跨度举高喷射消防车技战术应用）

本书以大跨度举高喷射消防车为研究对象，分析车辆性能，研究其作战展开方式，以及在灭火救援中的技战术应用方法。分别从石油库火灾、液化石油气储罐火灾、化工装置事故、厂房仓库火灾、高层建筑火灾和堆垛火灾等典型场景，分析灭火救援战术需求和作战难点，研究大跨度举高喷射消防车的技战术应用和战斗编成方法，并针对典型战例进行复盘和应用示例。本书的最大特色是从灭火救援实际出发研究大跨度举高喷射消防车的应用，结合实际火灾案例进行阐述和说明，贴合了灭火救援工作实际情况。
本书内容简洁，案例典型，通俗易懂，可供消防救援人员、应急救援人员、学校师生以及从事灭火与应急救援工作的有关人员参考，对提升消防人员火灾扑救能力有一定的借鉴和帮助。 
Focused on long-span water tower fire trucks, this book provides compre-hensive analyses of truck performance, operating modes, and their technical and tactical applications in firefighting. The book offers in-depth analyses of tactical requirements and challenges in typical firefighting and rescue scenarios, including fires in oil depots, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks, chemical plants, factory buildings and warehouses, high-rise buildings, and storage stacks. It also examines the technical and tactical applications of long-span water tower fire trucks, along with their formation methods. Additionally, the book presents reviews of typical cases and application examples for reference. One of the book’s standout features is its application-oriented research on long-span water tower fire trucks. Grounded in practical cases, this book offers its audience an immersive understanding of firefighting operations. 
This book is concise in content, typical in cases, and accessible in language. It can serve as a useful reference for firefighters, emergency rescuers, educators and students, and other relevant personnel engaged in firefighting and emergency rescue work, helping to improve their professional capabilities.

CHAPTER I PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LONG-SPANＷATER TOWER FIRE TRUCKS  001
Section I Operational Modes of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 001 
I. Extending Mode 001 
II. Spanning Mode 002 
III. Back Spray Mode 003 
IV. Special Mode 003
Section II Water Flow Test of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 004 
I. Water Flow Test Method 005 
II. Boom Positions under Water Flow Test 005 
III. Test Results and Analysis 007
Section III　Analysis of Spanning Capabilities of Common Water Tower Fire Trucks 007 
I. Application Analysis of Water Tower Fire Trucks with 20m Folding Booms 008 
II. Application Analysis of Water Tower Fire Trucks with 28m Telescopic Booms 009 
III. Application Analysis of Water Tower Fire Trucks with 32m Z-Shaped Folding Booms 010 
IV. Application Analysis of Water Tower Fire Trucks with 56m Folding and Telescopic Booms 011 
V. Application Analysis of Water Tower Fire Trucks with 72m 5+3 Telescopic Booms 012 

CHAPTER II APPLICATION OF FIREFIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS FOR OIL DEPOTS  014
Section I Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Spanning over Pipe Racks 015 
I. Needs Analysis of the “Spanning over Pipe Racks” Tactic 015 
II. Difficulty Analysis of the “Spanning over Pipe Racks” Operations 017 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Spanning over Pipe Racks 022
SectionⅡ　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Oil Tank Cooling 025 
I. Needs Analysis of Cooling Tactics in Oil Tank Fires 025 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Cooling Operations in Oil Tank Fires 028 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Spanning Oil Tank Cooling 030 
IV. Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Extended Oil Tank Cooling 038
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression in Oil Tank Firefighting 043 
I. Needs Analysis of Fire Extinguishing Tactics in Oil Tank Fires 043 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Fire Extinguishing Operations in Oil Tank Fires 046 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for External-Floating-Roof Tank Seal Firefighting 052 
IV. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Oil Tank Blind Spot Firefighting 054 
V. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Open-Top Oil Tank Burning Firefighting 055
SectionIV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 057 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 057 
II. Formation of Cooling Operations on Oil Tank Fire Sites 059 
III. Formation of Firefighting Operations in Oil Tank Fires 061
SectionV　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 064 
I. Case Background 064 
II. Fire Cooling in the Early Stage 064 
III. Fire Extinguishing for External-Floating-Roof Tank 102 067 
IV. Surrounded Fire Extinguishing 070 
V. Blind Spot Fire Suppression 073 

CHAPTER III APPLICATION OF FIREFIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS FOR LPG TANKS 077
Section I Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Cooling 077 
I. Needs Analysis of Cooling Tactics in Firefighting for LPG Tanks 078 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Cooling Operations in Firefighting for LPG Tanks 081 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Spanned Cooling 083 
IV. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for “Shower” Cooling 086
Section II　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Dilution Explosion Suppression 088 
I. Needs Analysis of Dilution and Dispersion Tactics in LPG Tank Leakage 089 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Dilution Operations in LPG Tank Leakage 091 
III. Methods of Setting up Barrier Positions with Water Spray from Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 093 
IV. Methods of Setting up Dilution Positions with Water Spray from Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 094 
V. Methods of Dispersing LPG with Spray Water from Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 095
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Water Injection Replacement 096 
I. Needs Analysis of Residual Gas Replacement Tactics in LPG Tank Accidents 097 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Residual Gas Replacement in LPG Tank Fire Accidents 099 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Water Injection Replacement 101
SectionIV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 102 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 102 
II. Formation of Cooling Operations in LPG Accident Response 104 
III. Formation of Dilution Operations in LPG Accident Response 107 
IV. Formation of Injection Replacement Operations in LPG Accident Response 108
Section V　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 110 
I. Case Background 110 
II. Fire Cooling in the Early Stage 111 
III. Cooling and Fire Suppression in the Growing Stage 114 
IV. Post-Explosion Cooling and Dilution 118 
V. Post-Explosion Water Injection Replacement 121 
VI. Process Disposal in the Late Stage of the Accident 122 

CHAPTER IV APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS IN CHEMICAL PLANT ACCIDENT RESPONSE 125
Section I Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Cooling 125 
I. Needs Analysis of Cooling Tactics in Chemical Plant Accident Response 125 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Cooling Operations in Chemical Plant Accident Response 128 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Spanned Cooling 130 
IV. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Extended Cooling 135
Section II　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Dilution 137 
I. Needs Analysis of Dilution Tactics in Chemical Plant Leakage 137 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Dilution Operations in Chemical Plant Leakage 140 
III. Methods of Setting up Barrier Positions with Water Spray from Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 142 
IV. Methods of Setting up Dilution Positions with Water Spray from Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 144
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression 145 
I. Needs Analysis of Targeted Suppression Tactics in Chemical Plant Accident Response 145 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Targeted Suppression Operations in Chemical Plant Accident Response 148 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression 151
SectionIV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 151 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 152 
II. Formation of Cooling Operations in Chemical Plant Accident Response 153 
III. Formation of Dilution Operations in Chemical Plant Accident Response 157 
IV. Formation of Targeted Suppression Operations in Chemical Plant Accident Response 158
Section V　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 160 
I. Case Background 160 
II. Fire Control in the Early Stage 164 
III. Cooling and Explosion Suppression 166 
IV. Intense Fire Extinguishing 168 
V. Continuous Cooling 171 

CHAPTER V APPLICATION OF FIREFIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS FOR FACTORY BUILDINGS AND WAREHOUSES  174
Section I Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Scene Cooling 174 
I. Needs Analysis of Cooling Tactics in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 175 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Cooling Operations in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 178 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Cooling 182
Section II　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression 185 
I. Needs Analysis of Targeted Suppression Tactics in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 185 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Targeted Suppression Operations in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 187 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression in Fires in Factory Buildings and Warehouses 192
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Mopping-Up 198 
I. Needs Analysis of Mopping-Up Tactics in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 198 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Mopping-Up Operations in Firefighting for Factory Buildings and Warehouses 200 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Mopping-Up in Fires of Factory Buildings and Warehouses 203
Section IV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 206 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 206 
II. Operational Formation of Fire Monitors 207 
III. Operational Formation of Water Spray 211
Section V　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 213 
I. Case background 213 
II. Fire Cooling in the Early Stage 214 
III. Containing of Fire Spread 217 
IV. Fire Suppression 220
V. Mopping-Up 222 

CHAPTER VI　APPLICATION OF FIREFIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS  226
Section I Research on Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Containment 226 
I. Needs Analysis of Fire Containment Tactics in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 227 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Fire Containment Operations in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 229 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Containment in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 231
Section II　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression 236 
I. Needs Analysis of Targeted Suppression Tactics in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 236 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Targeted Suppression Operations in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 238 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 241
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Scene Water Supply 245 
I. Needs Analysis of Fire Scene Water Supply Tactics in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 245 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Fire Scene Water Supply Operations in Firefighting for High-Rise Buildings 247 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Scene Water Supply in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 250
Section IV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 255 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 255 
II. Formation of Fire Containment Operations in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 257 
III. Formation of Targeted Suppression Operations in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 259 
IV. Formation of Fire Scene Water Supply Operations in Fires of High-Rise Buildings 261
Section V　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 263 
I. Case Background 263 
II. Fire Containment in the Early Stage 265 
III. Targeted Suppression 268 
IV. Water Supply at High-Rise Fire Scenes 271 

CHAPTER VII APPLICATION OF FIREFIGHTING TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS FOR STACKS 276
Section I Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Containing 276 
I. Needs Analysis of Fire Containing 276 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Fire Containing Operations 279 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Fire Containing 281
Section II　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Targeted Suppression 285 
I. Needs Analysis of Targeted Suppression Tactics 286 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Targeted Suppression Operations 288 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks in Targeted Suppression 291
Section III　Tactical Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Mopping-Up . 295 
I. Needs Analysis of Mopping-Up Tactics 295 
II. Difficulty Analysis of Mopping-Up Operations 298 
III. Application of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks for Mopping-Up 302
Section IV　Operational Formation of Long-Span Water Tower Fire Trucks 305 
I. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Operational Formation 305 
II. Operational Formation of Fire Monitors 307 
III. Operational Formation of Water Spray 308
Section V　Review of Typical Cases and Application Examples 311 
I. Case Background 311
II. Fire Containment 314 
III. Cooling for Fire Control 318 
IV. Surrounded Fire Extinguishing 321 
V. Mopping-Up 322 

References 326